名詞 bitter:

1. English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)
2. the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
   同義詞：bitterness
3. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste
   同義詞：bitterness

動詞 bitter:

1. make bitter

形容詞 bitter:

1. marked by strong resentment or cynicism
   同義詞：acrimonious
2. very difficult to accept or bear
3. harsh or corrosive in tone
   同義詞：acerb, acerbic, acid, acrid, blistering, caustic, sulfurous, sulphurous, venomous, virulent, vitriolic
4. expressive of severe grief or regret
5. proceeding from or exhibiting great hostility or animosity
6. one of the four basic taste sensations; sharp and disagreeable; like the taste of quinine
7. causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation; used especially of cold
   同義詞：biting

副詞 bitter:

1. extremely and sharply
   同義詞：piercingly, bitterly, bitingly

1. False friends are worse than bitter enemies.
   [諺]明槍易躲，暗箭難防。
2. I had to take the herb tea although it's bitter.
   雖然湯藥很苦，我還是不得不喝了。
3. Some beer and chocolate taste bitter.
   有些啤酒和巧克力有苦味。
4. It's really bitter out there today.
   今天外面真冷極了。
5. The defeat was a bitter pill to swallow.
   那次失敗是一次難以吞咽的苦果。

bit.ter

adj.（形容詞）
bit.ter.er,bit.ter.est
Having or being a taste that is sharp, acrid, and unpleasant.
苦的：有刺激性、辛辣性或令人不快的味道的
Causing a sharply unpleasant, painful, or stinging sensation; harsh:
嚴酷的：不快的，痛苦的，刺痛的；澀口的：
例句：
enveloped in bitter cold; a bitter wind.
裹在刺骨的寒冷中；刺骨的風

Difficult or distasteful to accept, admit, or bear:
難堪的，難受的：難于接受，承認或忍受的：
例句：
the bitter truth; bitter sorrow.
難以接受的真相；讓人難以忍受的悲傷

Proceeding from or exhibiting strong animosity:
痛苦的，痛恨的：充滿敵意的，懷恨的：
例句：
a bitter struggle; bitter foes.
痛苦地掙扎；死敵

Resulting from or expressive of severe grief, anguish, or disappointment:
劇烈的：由悲痛、苦惱或失望引起的，表現(xiàn)出悲痛、苦惱和失望的：
例句：
cried bitter tears.
痛苦地流淚水

Marked by resentment or cynicism:
怨恨的，挖苦的：
例句：
.He was already a bitter elderly man with a gray face.(John Dos Passos)
.他已經(jīng)是一個面色灰白的充滿怨氣的老人。.(約翰·道斯·帕索斯)

adv.（副詞）
In an intense or harsh way; bitterly:
激烈地：厲害地，極度地；痛苦地：
例句：
a bitter cold night.
極其寒冷地夜晚

v.tr.（及物動詞）
bit.tered,bit.ter.ing,bit.ters
To make bitter.
使變苦
n.（名詞）
That which is bitter:
苦的東西：
例句：
.all words . . . /Failing to give the bitter of the sweet.(Tennyson)
.一切語言…/都不能表現(xiàn)甜蜜中的苦澀.(坦尼森)

bitters A bitter, usually alcoholic liquid made with herbs or roots and used in cocktails or as a tonic.
bitters 苦酒：常用于雞尾酒或作為補酒由草藥或根做成的苦味酒
Chiefly British A sharp-tasting beer made with hops.
【多用于英國】 苦啤酒：由蛇麻做成的味道辛辣的啤酒

來源：
Middle English
中古英語
from Old English * see bheid-
源自 古英語 *參見 bheid-

【引伸】
bit.terly
adv.（副詞）
bit.terness
n.（名詞）
<參考詞匯><同義詞>bitter,acerbic,acridThe central meaning shared by these adjectives is .unpleasantly sharp or pungent in taste or smell.:
這些形容詞共有的中心含義是.在味道上或味上令人不快的，辛辣的或刺激的.：
例句：
a bitter cough syrup;
苦的咳嗽糖漿；

例句：
acerbic barberries;
酸小檗；

例句：
acrid resin.
苦松香