名詞 cognomen:

1. a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)
   同義詞：nickname, moniker, sobriquet, soubriquet, byname
2. the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)
   同義詞：surname, family name, last name

cog.no.men

n.（名詞）
【復(fù)數(shù)】 cog.no.mens 或 cog.nom.i.na [-nôm.…-n…]

A family name; a surname.
姓：家名；姓
The third and usually last name of a citizen of ancient Rome, asCaesar in Gaius Julius Caesar.
古羅馬人的姓：古羅馬公民的第三個(gè)名字，通常是最后一個(gè)名字，如凱撒 在 格尤斯·尤里烏斯·凱撒 中
A name, especially a descriptive nickname or epithet acquired through usage over a period of time.See Synonyms at name
綽號(hào)：名，尤指一描述性的綽號(hào)或因一段時(shí)間的習(xí)慣而得的諢名參見 name

來源：
Latin
拉丁語
co- [co-]
co- [前綴，表.相互，一起.]
nômen [name] * see nò-men-
nômen [姓名] *參見 nò-men-

【引伸】
cognom.inal