difficult, hard

形容詞 hard:

1. not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure
   同義詞：difficult
2. dispassionate;
3. resisting weight or pressure
4. very strong or vigorous
   同義詞：knockout, severe
5. characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort
   同義詞：arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, heavy, laborious, operose, punishing, toilsome
6. produced without vibration of the vocal cords
   同義詞：unvoiced, voiceless, surd
7. (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source
   同義詞：concentrated
8. (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum
9. given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors
   同義詞：intemperate, heavy
10. being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content
    同義詞：strong
11. unfortunate or hard to bear
    同義詞：tough
12. dried out

副詞 hard:

1. with effort or force or vigor
2. with firmness
   同義詞：firmly
3. earnestly or intently
4. causing great damage or hardship
   同義詞：severely
5. slowly and with difficulty
6. indulging excessively
   同義詞：heavily, intemperately
7. into a solid condition
8. very near or close in space or time
9. with pain or distress or bitterness
10. to the full extent possible; all the way

1. The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.
   長期乾旱之後土地硬得就像石頭一樣。
2. Don't be too hard on her she's very young.
   別對她太嚴了－－她還小呢。
3. They work very hard.
   他們工作非常努力。
4. That was a hard time.
   那是一段艱難的日子。
5. It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
   很難知道他真正在想什么。

hard

adj.（形容詞）
hard.er,hard.est 縮寫 h.,H.
Resistant to pressure; not readily penetrated.
堅固的：對有壓力的；有抵抗性的

Physically toughened; rugged.
身體結實的；強健的
Mentally toughened; strong-minded.
堅韌的：有獨到見解的；意志堅強的

Requiring great effort or endurance:
困難的：要求巨大的努力和耐心的：
例句：
a hard assignment.
困難的任務

Performed with or marked by great diligence or energy:
勤奮的：需要巨大的努力和精力完成的：
例句：
a project that required years of hard work.
一項需要多年艱苦勞動的工程

Difficult to resolve, accomplish, or finish:
難以解決的：難對付的、難解決的或難以完成的：
例句：
That was a hard question.
那是一道難題

Difficult to understand or impart:
難以理解的，難以傳授的：
例句：
Physics was the hardest of my courses. Thermodynamics is a hard course to teach.
物理學是我所學課程中最難理解的一門；熱力學是非常難教的一門課

Intense in force or degree:
猛烈的：力量或程度上激烈的：
例句：
a hard blow.
猛烈的一擊

Inclement:
嚴酷的：
例句：
a long, hard winter.
漫長而嚴酷的冬季

Stern or strict in nature or comportment:
嚴格的，嚴厲的：在性格或行為舉動方面嚴格的或嚴厲的：
例句：
a hard taskmaster.
嚴厲的監(jiān)工

Resistant to persuasion or appeal; obdurate.
倔強的，冷酷無情的：對信念或呼吁進行抵抗的；冷酷無情的
Making few concessions:
毫不讓步的：
例句：
drives a hard bargain.
進行一場苛刻的交易

Difficult to endure:
難以忍受的：
例句：
a hard life.
令人無法忍受的生活

Oppressive or unjust in nature or effect:
刻薄的，苛刻的：在性格或外表上暴虐壓制的或不公平的：
例句：
restrictions that were hard on welfare applicants.
這些限制對于那些福利申請人來講實在太刻薄了

Lacking compassion or sympathy; callous.
冷淡的：缺乏熱情或同情心的；冷酷的

Harsh or severe in effect or intention:
嚴厲的：在企圖或結果上嚴重或嚴厲的：
例句：
said some hard things that I won`t forget.
說了些令我不能忘卻的嚴厲的事情

Bitter; resentful:
怨毒的；怨恨的：
例句：
No hard feelings, I hope.
我希望沒有怨恨的情緒

Causing damage or premature wear:
引起損壞的，過早磨損的：
例句：
Snow and ice are hard on a car`s finish.
冰和雪會破壞汽車表面的光澤度

Bad; adverse:
壞的；背運的：
例句：
hard luck.
壞運氣

Proceeding or performing with force, vigor, or persistence; assiduous:
勤奮的：用力量、精力或耐心來進行或完成的；勤奮的：
例句：
a hard worker.
勤奮的工人

Real and unassailable:
有力的：確鑿的且不容置疑的：
例句：
hard evidence.
有力的證據(jù)

Definite; firm:
確定的；強有力的：
例句：
a hard commitment.
明確的承諾

Close; penetrating:
嚴密的；透徹的：
例句：
We need to take a hard look at the situation.
我們需要對情況進行周密的調查

Free from illusion or bias; practical:
公正的，實際的：拋開幻想和偏見的；實際的：
例句：
brought some hard common sense to the discussion.
將實際的常識帶到討論中來

Using or based on data that are readily quantified or verified:
嚴密的：運用或基于事先計算或證明的數(shù)據(jù)：
例句：
the hard sciences.
嚴密的科學

Marked by sharp outline or definition; stark.
刻板的：由嚴格的提綱或概念規(guī)定的；刻板的
Lacking in delicacy, shading, or nuance.
不精密的、不靈活或缺乏變化的

Metallic, as opposed to paper. Used of currency.
金屬的而非紙的。用于貨幣流通
Backed by bullion rather than by credit. Used of currency.
以金銀為憑的：以金銀儲備而不是銀行存款為憑證的。用于貨幣流通
High and stable. Used of prices.
高而穩(wěn)定的。用于價格

Durable; lasting:
耐用的；持久的：
例句：
hard merchandise.
耐用的商品

Written or printed rather than stored in electronic media:
書寫的：手寫或打印而不用電子傳播媒介的：
例句：
sent the information by hard mail.
將這條信息用手寫信件送出去

Erect; tumid. Used of a penis.
豎起的：堅挺的；腫脹的。用于描寫男性生殖器

Having high alcoholic content; intoxicating:
含大量酒精的；使醉的：
例句：
hard liquor.
烈酒

Rendered alcoholic by fermentation; fermented:
發(fā)酵的：通過發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生酒精的；發(fā)酵的：
例句：
hard cider.
蘋果酒

Containing dissolved salts that interfere with the lathering action of soap. Used of water.
含無機鹽的：含有參與肥皂起沫過程的溶解的鹽的。用于水
Linguistics Velar, as inc in cake or g in log, as opposed to palatal or soft.
【語言學】 硬音的：與軟音或軟腭音相反的硬腭音，如cake（蛋糕） 一詞中 c 的發(fā)音或 log（原木） 一詞中 g 的發(fā)音
Physics Of relatively high energy; penetrating:
【物理學】 高透力的：具有相對高能量的；有穿透力的：
例句：
hard x-rays.
高透力Ｘ射線

High in gluten content:
麩質含量高的：
例句：
hard wheat.
硬粒小麥

Chemistry Resistant to biodegradation:
【化學】 對生物腐蝕有抵抗力的：
例句：
a hard detergent.
抗腐蝕清潔劑

Physically addictive. Used of certain illegal drugs, such as heroin.
麻醉品：肉體上上癮的。用于如海洛因等特定的非法麻醉品
Resistant to blast, heat, or radiation. Used especially of nuclear weapons.
抗熱的，抗輻射的：防爆、防熱或防輻射的。尤用于核武器
adv.（副詞）
With strenuous effort; intently:
努力地；拼命地：
例句：
worked hard all day; stared hard at the accused criminal.
一整天都在努力地工作；惡狠狠地盯著那個被控告的罪犯

With great force, vigor, or energy:
用力量、精力或能量地：
例句：
pressed hard on the lever.
猛烈地壓在控制杠上

In such a way as to cause great damage or hardship:
劇烈地，苦難的：造成巨大破壞或困難地：
例句：
industrial cities hit hard by unemployment.
工業(yè)城市遭到失業(yè)的劇烈打擊

With great distress, grief, or bitterness:
痛苦、苦悶或悲傷地：
例句：
took the divorce hard.
痛苦地接受離婚

Firmly; securely:
牢固地；安全地：
例句：
held hard to the railing.
緊緊地抓住欄桿

Toward or into a solid condition:
趨干或成為固體狀態(tài)：
例句：
concrete that sets hard within a day.
混凝土在一天內(nèi)就可以凝固

Near in space or time; close:
接近地：在時間或空間上相近的；接近地：
例句：
The factory stands hard by the railroad tracks.
工廠座落在鐵路沿線

Nautical Completely; fully:
【航海】 完全地；完整的：
例句：
hard alee.
完全地向下風

<習慣用語>hard and fast
Defined, fixed, and invariable:
嚴格規(guī)定的、刻板的和無變化的：
例句：
hard and fast rules.
嚴格的規(guī)定

hard of hearing
Having a partial loss of hearing.
聽覺障礙：部分地失去聽覺能力的
One who has a partial loss of hearing.
部分地失去聽覺能力的人
hard put
Undergoing great difficulty:
陷入困境：
例句：
Under the circumstances, he was hard put to explain himself.
在這種情況下，他很難為自己辯解

hard up【非正式用語】
In need; poor.
短缺：在急需中；貧困
來源：
Middle English
中古英語
from Old English heard * see kar-
源自 古英語 heard *參見 kar-

<參考詞匯><同義詞>hard,difficult,arduousThese adjectives are compared as they mean requiring great physical or mental effort to do, achieve, or master.
比較而言這些形容詞都意為為做某事、得到或掌握某物而付出肉體或精神上的努力。
Hard is the most general term:
Hard 是最常見的：
例句：
Why is it so hard for you to keep a secretô
為什么保守秘密對你來說如此之難？

例句：
.You write with ease to show your breeding,/But easy writing`s curst hard reading. (Richard Brinsley Sheridan).
.輕輕松松地寫，從而表現(xiàn)你的教養(yǎng),/但是輕松地寫是困難地讀的禍根. （理查·布林斯利·謝里登）。

Difficult andhard are interchangeable in many instances:
Difficult 和hard 這兩個詞在許多情況下是可以互換使用的：
例句：
a difficult (or hard ) subject;
困難的（或 hard ） 課題；

例句：
a book that is difficult (or hard ) to find. Difficult, however, is often preferable where the need for skill or ingenuity is implied:
很難找的一本書（或 hard ） 。 然而Difficult一詞在需要技術獨創(chuàng)性的情況下，常會被使用：

例句：
.All poetry is difficult to read,/—The sense of it is, anyhow. (Robert Browning).
.詩歌總是難讀的／無論如何，它的意義如此. （羅伯特·布朗寧）。

Arduous refers to what involves burdensome labor or sustained physical or spiritual effort:
Arduous 指需要付出難于忍受的勞動或持續(xù)的肉體上或精神上的努力的：
例句：
.knowledge at which[Isaac] Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths. (Macaulay).
.艾薩克·牛頓經(jīng)過艱辛的和曲折的道路所得到的 知識. （麥考利）。

例句：
Negotiating a reduction in nuclear arms is a long and arduous undertaking. See also Synonyms at firm
有關削減核武器的談判是一項漫長而艱苦的工作 參見同義詞 firm