shock, impact, collision, clash

名詞 impact:

1. the striking of one body against another
2. a forceful consequence; a strong effect
   同義詞：wallop
3. influencing strongly
   同義詞：impingement, encroachment
4. the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat
   同義詞：shock

動詞 impact:

1. press or wedge together; pack together
2. have an effect upon
   同義詞：affect, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch

1. These bullets fragment on impact.
   這些子彈射中物體時爆炸成碎片。
2. The plane flew into a mountain and disintegrated on impact.
   飛機沖向一座山，撞得粉碎。
3. The front of the car crumpled on impact.
   汽車的前部被撞扁了。
4. A barrier that protects a harbor or shore from the full impact of waves.
   防波堤，防浪墻保護一個港口或海岸以防波浪沖擊的障礙物
5. It's difficult to assess the impact of the President's speech.
   總統(tǒng)講話的巨大影響很難估計。

im.pact

n.（名詞）
The striking of one body against another; collision.
碰擊，撞擊：一個物體對另一個物體的擊打；碰撞
The force or impetus transmitted by a collision.
沖擊力：由碰撞而傳遞的力量或動力
The effect or impression of one thing on another:
影響：一個事物對另一個事物的影響或印象：
例句：
still gauging the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers.
仍然在估測自動化對工廠工人生活的影響

The power of making a strong, immediate impression:
影響力：產(chǎn)生很快的、很深印象的力量：
例句：
a speech that lacked impact.
毫無影響力的演說

v.（動詞）
im.pact.ed,im.pact.ing,im.pacts[m-p2kt.]
v.tr.（及物動詞）
To pack firmly together.
壓緊
To strike forcefully:
用力撞擊：
例句：
meteorites impacting the lunar surface.
隕石撞擊月球表面

Usage Problem To have an effect or impact on.
【用法疑難】 在…產(chǎn)生影響
v.intr.Usage Problem （不及物動詞）【用法疑難】
To have an effect or impact.
對…產(chǎn)生影響

來源：
From Latin imp3ctus [past participle of] impingere [to push against] * see impinge
源自 拉丁語 imp3ctus [] impingere的過去分詞 [推] *參見 impinge

【引伸】
impac.tion
n.（名詞）
<參考詞匯><同義詞>impact,repercussionThe central meaning shared by these nouns is .a strong effect exerted by one person or thing on another.:
這些名詞共有的中心意思為.一個人或物對另外一個人或物施加的強烈影響。.
例句：
the far-reaching impact of an oil embargo;
石油禁運的深遠影響；

例句：
a strike that had dire repercussions. See also Synonyms at collision
反響可怕的罷工 參見同義詞 collision

Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning .have an effect, affect.. Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as .bureaucratic,. .pretentious,. .vile,. and .a vulgarism.. ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for .affect significantly,. it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact
每一代的批評家好象都挑了一個特別的用法作為他們認為的語言上的愚蠢行為的象征。三十年以前是contact 作為動詞的用法， 但是對這種形式的反對或多或少已經(jīng)消失了，注意力現(xiàn)在集中到了impact 意思為.有不好的影響、影響.的動詞用法上。 用法專題小組成員中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的結(jié)構(gòu)， 如在短語對內(nèi)城區(qū)來說很普通的社會病理學(xué)，對這樣一個社區(qū)產(chǎn)生了很大影響的 當(dāng)中； 百分之九十五的成員完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已經(jīng)使用了可能會對我們的健康產(chǎn)生不良影響的易處理技術(shù) 中當(dāng)作及物動詞來使用。 但是即使是這些數(shù)字也沒有反映出批評家們對這種用法厭惡的程度：在他們的評論當(dāng)中有些成員把這種用法說成是.官僚主義的.、.裝腔作勢的.，.可恥的.，還說這是.粗鄙的語言。.也許和impact 的動詞用法有關(guān)聯(lián)的虛飾成份是由于它是從名詞 impact 的一個早有爭議的比喻用法衍變而來造成的。 如在短語這個決定在政治上的影響 或者 這個計劃對公眾的影響 中它的意思并沒有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表達出來的意思要多。 盡管impact 作為.明顯地影響.的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前開始產(chǎn)生， 但是現(xiàn)在的年輕一代使用者看上去把它當(dāng)成了完全標準的、直接的用法，這在共同的和慣例的文章中已經(jīng)很普遍了。相應(yīng)地在幾年內(nèi)，這種用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反對， 因為對于那些使用它的人來說這不會再顯得有點矯揉造作了參見 contact