kind, sort, type, class, classification, category, species, variety

名詞 kind:

1. a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality
   同義詞：sort, form, variety

形容詞 kind:

1. having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior
2. agreeable, conducive to comfort
   同義詞：genial
3. tolerant and forgiving under provocation
   同義詞：tolerant

1. People had told me she was very pleasant but she's nothing of the kind.
   人家告訴我她很可愛(ài)，可是她根本不是那樣。
2. Taking a blind man across the street is a kind act.
   扶盲人過(guò)馬路是一種善良的行為。
3. We often do this kind of exercise.
   我們經(jīng)常做這類練習(xí)。

kind

adj.（形容詞）
kind.er,kind.est
Of a friendly, generous, or warm-hearted nature.
友善的，好心的：友好的、寬宏大量的或熱情的天性
Showing sympathy or understanding; charitable:
寬厚的，溫和：表示同情或理解的；溫和的：
例句：
a kind word.
寬厚的話語(yǔ)

Humane; considerate:
仁慈的；體貼的：
例句：
kind to animals.
對(duì)動(dòng)物很仁慈

Forbearing; tolerant:
寬容的；容忍的：
例句：
Our neighbor was very kind about the window we broke.
我們的鄰居對(duì)我們打破玻璃表現(xiàn)得很寬容

Generous; liberal:
寬宏大量的；慷慨的：
例句：
kind words of praise.
毫不吝嗇的贊美

Agreeable; beneficial:
令人愉悅的；有益的：
例句：
a dry climate kind to asthmatics.
干燥的天氣有益于氣喘病患者

來(lái)源：
Middle English [natural, kind]
中古英語(yǔ) [自然的，友好的]
from Old English gecynde [natural] * see gen…-
源自 古英語(yǔ) gecynde [自然的] *參見(jiàn) gen…-

<參考詞匯><同義詞>kind,kindly,kindhearted,benign,benevolentThese adjectives apply to persons and their actions and mean having or showing a tender, considerate, and helping nature.
這些形容詞適用于具有或表現(xiàn)出親切的、體貼的和樂(lè)于助人的本性的人及他們的行為和方式。
Kind andkindly are the least specific:
Kind 和kindly 最接近：
例句：
is kind to sick patients;
對(duì)病人親切；

例句：
thanked her for her kind letter;
感謝她的熱情的信；

例句：
a kindly gentleman;
仁慈的紳士；

例句：
Ckindly criticism.
寬厚的批評(píng)。

Kindhearted especially suggests an innately kind disposition:
Kindhearted 特別暗示出天生的仁慈個(gè)性：
例句：
a generous and kindhearted teacher.
寬容仁慈的老師。

Benign implies gentleness and mildness:
Benign 暗示文雅和溫和：
例句：
a benign smile;
文雅的微笑；

例句：
benign intentions;
好的意圖；

例句：
a benign ruler of millions.
仁慈的千百萬(wàn)人的統(tǒng)治者。

Benevolent suggests charitableness and a desire to promote the welfare or happiness of others:
Benevolent 暗示慈善和希望促使他人的幸?；蚩鞓?lè)：
例句：
has a benevolent nature;
具有寬厚的天性；

例句：
a benevolent contributor.
一位慈善捐助者


---------------另--------------
kind
kind 2

n.（名詞）
A group of individuals linked by traits held in common.
同種，同類：因具有共同的特性而聯(lián)系在一起的個(gè)體的集合
A particular variety; a sort:
特定的種類；類別：
例句：
What kind of soap do you like bestôSee Synonyms at type
你最喜歡哪一種肥皂ô參見(jiàn) type

Fundamental, underlying character as a determinant of the class to which a thing belongs; nature or essence.
本質(zhì)，天性：基礎(chǔ)的和根本的特性，如一種事物歸屬種類的決定因素；天性或本質(zhì)
A doubtful or borderline member of a given category:
類似，某類：指定種類的不確定的或難以抉擇的成員：
例句：
fashioned a kind of shelter; a kind of bluish color.
形成了一點(diǎn)掩蔽；類似藍(lán)色的顏色

Archaic Manner.
【古語(yǔ)】 方式

<習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)>all kinds of【非正式用語(yǔ)】
Plenty of; ample:
大量的；足夠的：
例句：
We have all kinds of time to finish the job.
我們有充足的時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作

in kind
With produce or commodities rather than with money:
以實(shí)物、貨物貸款：用產(chǎn)品或商品而不是用錢：
例句：
pay in kind.
用實(shí)物支付

In the same manner or with an equivalent:
以同樣方法：用同樣的方法或用等價(jià)物：
例句：
returned the slight in kind.
用同樣方式還以蔑視

kind of【非正式用語(yǔ)】
Rather; somewhat:
相當(dāng)；有一些：
例句：
I`m kind of hungry.
我有些餓了

來(lái)源：
Middle English
中古英語(yǔ)
from Old English gecynd [race, offspring, kind] * see gen…-
源自 古英語(yǔ) gecynd [人種，子孫，種類] *參見(jiàn) gen…-

The use of the plural demonstrativesthese and those with kind and sort, as inthese kind (or sort ) of films, has been a traditional bugbear of American grammarians. By and large,British grammarians have been more tolerant,and the construction can be found in the works of British writers from Pope to Dickens to Churchill.Grammatically, the question boils down towhetherkind and sort should be treated as head nouns (analogous to species or variety, for example) or whether they have become semantically weakened to the status of a sort of phrasal quantifierthat functions like an adjective,analogous in some ways tobunch and number in expressions such asa bunch of friends, a number of reasons. Ifkind and sort are unambiguously nouns, one would expect to see only singular demonstratives and singular verbs accompanying them:
復(fù)數(shù)形式的指示代詞these 和 those 與 kind 和 sort 的用法， 如these kind （或 sort ） of films， 成為美國(guó)語(yǔ)法專家長(zhǎng)期感到頭痛的問(wèn)題。 總的說(shuō)來(lái)，英國(guó)語(yǔ)法專家對(duì)此更能容忍，這一句法結(jié)構(gòu)可以在從蒲柏到狄更斯以至丘吉爾這些英國(guó)作家的著作中找到。在語(yǔ)法上，問(wèn)題歸結(jié)起來(lái)是，是否kind 和 sort 應(yīng)當(dāng)作中心詞名詞（例如，與 species 或 variety 類似）， 或者是否他們語(yǔ)義上減弱到一種數(shù)量詞短語(yǔ)的地位，其功能像一個(gè)形容詞，某些方面類似于bunch 和 number ， 其表述例如一群朋友，一大堆理由。 如果kind 和 sort 是明確的名詞， 人們應(yīng)該希望只看到單數(shù)指示代詞和與之相伴的單數(shù)動(dòng)詞：
例句：
This kind of films is popular (compare This species of spider is found only in the New World ).
這種電影很流行（與 這種蜘蛛只在西半球界發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò) 比較）。

If they are functioning as adjectives, however,the plural demonstrative and plural verb should be acceptable:
然而，如果它們的功能象形容詞，那么復(fù)數(shù)指示代詞和復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞是能夠接受的：
例句：
These kind of films are popular.
這種電影很流行。

In fact, thekind of construction can be plausibly analyzed either way, which is doubtless why writers have mixed and matched the number of demonstratives and verbs in just about every possible combination.We find reputable precedent forthis kind of films are, these kind of films are, this kind of films is, these kind of films is, and so on. There are only two reliable regularities:when the pluralkinds is used, the demonstrative and the verb must also be plural:
實(shí)際上，kind of 結(jié)構(gòu)可以用任一方式分析， 這毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是作家混用了指示代詞和動(dòng)詞的每一種可能的結(jié)合，并且每一種結(jié)合的數(shù)量大致相等的原因。我們找到規(guī)范的先例，如this kind of films are, these kind of films are, this kind of films is, these kind of films is 等等。 只有兩種可信賴的規(guī)律：當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)kinds 使用時(shí)， 指示代詞和動(dòng)詞也只是復(fù)數(shù)：
例句：
These (not this ) kinds of films are (not is ) popular.
These（不是 this ） kinds of films are （不是 is ） popular。

By the same token,when bothkind and the noun following it are singular, the verb must be singular:
由于同樣的原因，當(dāng)kind 和它后面跟的名詞都是單數(shù)時(shí)， 動(dòng)詞必須是單數(shù)：
例句：
This kind of film is (not are ) popular.
This kind of film is（不是 are ） popular。

To this may be added a word of caution to American writers:despite the existence of ample literary precedent forthese kind of films, the construction has been so thoroughly stigmatized by native grammariansthat its use would have to be reckoned indiscreet, if not strictly incorrect.
關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)也許可以給美國(guó)作家加上一句警告：盡管有大量的像these kind of films 一樣的文學(xué)上的先例存在， 這一結(jié)構(gòu)已被本國(guó)的語(yǔ)法專家徹底否定掉，以至于它的用法即使不認(rèn)為是嚴(yán)格的錯(cuò)誤，也會(huì)被認(rèn)作不慎重