man, mankind, humanity

名詞 man:

1. an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
   同義詞：adult male
2. someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force
   同義詞：serviceman, military man, military personnel
3. the generic use of the word to refer to any human being
4. any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage
   同義詞：homo, human being, human
5. a male subordinate
6. an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent)
7. a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman
8. a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer
   同義詞：valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman
9. one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea
   同義詞：Isle of Man
10. game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games
    同義詞：piece
11. all of the living human inhabitants of the earth
    同義詞：world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind

動詞 man:

1. take charge of a certain job; occupy a certain work place
2. provide with men

1. If you want a good music teacher, he's your man.
   你們要是缺個好的音樂教師，他就是最理想的人選。
2. The staff speak as one man on this issue.
   在這個問題上全體職員意見一致。
3. He's his own man, but he doesn't ignore advice.
   他雖然自有主張，但并不輕視別人的意見。
4. He has worked for the firm, man and boy, for thirty years.
   他從小至今已為該商行干了三十年。
5. Be a man!
   拿出點勇氣來！
6. All man are born equal.
   人人生而平等。
7. Man is mortal.
   人都是會死的。

man

n.（名詞）
【復(fù)數(shù)】 men[mμn]
An adult male human being.
成年男子
A human being regardless of sex or age; a person.
人類，人：不論性別或年齡的人；人
A human being or an adult male human being belonging to a specific occupation, group, nationality, or other category. Often used in combination:
特定類別的人：屬于某一特定職業(yè)、集團、民族或其它種類的人或成年男子。通常用于復(fù)合詞當(dāng)中：
例句：
a milkman; a congressman; a freeman.
牛奶工；議員；自由人

The human race; mankind:
人類種族；全人類：
例句：
man`s quest for peace.
人類對和平的渴求

Zoology A member of the genusHomo, family Hominidae, order Primates, class Mammalia, characterized by erect posture and an opposable thumb, especially a member of the only extant species, Homo sapiens, distinguished by a highly developed brain, the capacity for abstract reasoning, and the ability to communicate by means of organized speech and record information in a variety of symbolic systems.
【動物學(xué)】 人種：哺乳綱，靈長目，人科人 屬的成員，其特點是直立和具有可相對的拇指，尤指僅存的 智人 種的成員，其顯著特點為高度發(fā)達的大腦、抽象思維的能力、以及可以通過有組織的語言和由一系列象征符號體系記錄下來的信息進行交流的能力
A male human being endowed with qualities, such as strength, considered characteristic of manhood.
男子漢：一個被認為具有男性特征的男子，如具有力量的男人
Theology In Christianity and Judaism, a being composed of a body and a soul or spirit.
【神學(xué)】 身心合一的個體：基督教或猶太教中肉體和靈魂或精神相結(jié)合的物體
Informal
【非正式用語】
A husband.
丈夫
A lover or sweetheart.
愛人，情人
men
men
Workers.
工人，雇工
Enlisted personnel of the armed forces:
士兵，士卒：軍事力量中的正式成員：
例句：
officers and men.
軍官與士兵

A male representative, as of a country or company:
使節(jié)，代表：男性代表人，如某國或某公司的：
例句：
our man in Tokyo.
我們在東京的代表

A male servant or subordinate.
男仆，男下屬
Informal Used as a familiar form of address for a man:
【非正式用語】 家伙：用于稱呼某個男人的一種親切稱謂形式：
例句：
See here, my good man!
看這兒，親愛的

One who swore allegiance to a lord in the Middle Ages; a vassal.
封臣，家臣：中世紀(jì)時宣誓效忠某個主人的人；家臣
Games Any of the pieces used in a board game, such as chess or checkers.
【游戲】 棋子：在棋盤游戲中，如在國際象棋或西洋跳棋中所使用的任何一個子
Nautical A ship. Often used in combination:
【航?！?/i> 艦，船：船。通常用于復(fù)合詞中：
例句：
a merchantman; a man-of-war.
商船；戰(zhàn)艦

Often Man Slang A person or group felt to be in a position of power or authority. Used withthe :
常作 Man 【俚語】 頭頭，老板：被認為是處于權(quán)力或權(quán)威的人或集團。與the 連用：
例句：
.Their writing mainly concerns the street life—the pimp, the junky, the forces of drug addiction, exploitation at the hands of ‘the man’.(Black World)
.他們的作品主要關(guān)心的是街頭的生活——老鴇、煙毒者、毒品的泛濫，還有那些大人物的剝削.(黑色世界)

v.tr.（及物動詞）
manned,man.ning,mans
To supply with men, as for defense or service:
給…配備人員：給如防務(wù)機構(gòu)或服務(wù)機構(gòu)提供人員：
例句：
man a ship.
分配船上的船員

To take stations at, as to defend or operate:
擔(dān)任，操作：工作在如防務(wù)或操作崗位上：
例句：
manned the guns.
配置炮臺

To fortify or brace:
振作精神：鼓起勇氣來或振作起精神來：
例句：
manned himself for the battle ahead.
使自己振作以應(yīng)付眼前的戰(zhàn)斗

interj.（感嘆詞）
Used as an expletive to indicate intense feeling:
啊，呀：用作表示強烈感情的感嘆詞：
例句：
Man! That was close.
嘿！那兒太近了

<習(xí)慣用語>as one man
In complete agreement; unanimously.
一致地：全體同意地；一致地
With no exception:
無例外地：
例句：
They objected as one man.
他們毫無例外地都反對

one`s own man
Independent in judgment and action.
獨立自主的：在判斷和行為上獨立的
to a man
Without exception:
一致地，無例外地：
例句：
All were lost, to a man.
全都喪失了

來源：
Middle English
中古英語
from Old English mann * see man-
源自 古英語 mann *參見 man-

Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant .a human being. regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to .a male human being. and .a female human being. respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for .a male human being,.whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for .a female human being.. The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of .person. or .people. when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man`s inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 8 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 8' percent (including 7' percent of the women and 9 percent of the men).The sentence.The history of language is the history of mankind. (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 7' percent (including '3 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, '' percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 7 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to '7 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 7' percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor`s Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 5' percent of the Panel (including ' percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people
傳統(tǒng)上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用來指任何人或整個人類， 不考慮性別。在古英語中，這就是man 這個字主要的意思， 即.人. 而不分性別；單詞wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )則分別用以指.男人.和.女人.。 但在中古英語時man 取代了 wer 這個詞， 也具有.男人.的意義了；而wyfman （這個字發(fā)展演變成了今天的 woman 這個字）作為.女人.這個意思被保留了下來。 這些變化的結(jié)果是，作為性別歧視者所批評的勻稱排列。為此，許多作家相應(yīng)地修訂了他們部分的創(chuàng)作活動。但是這用法的準(zhǔn)確含義取決于它的上下文以及man 的具體用途或它的衍生字。 當(dāng)man 這個字被當(dāng)作一個可數(shù)名詞來用時，它有時似乎具有.一個人.或.人們.的意思， 如在被他所在的那個公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以來，人們都期盼著解開原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短語中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 這里，一般的理解源于間接地推理：如果一個男人是被他所在的公司了解的話，其言下之意是，一個女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是這個原因，使得man 當(dāng)此一般理解之義用時，其謂語隨著個人性別的改變而變化是不可能的。 所以，說人是唯一能在任何時候思考的動物 是不適當(dāng)?shù)模?因為這句話字面之義是指男人的思考能力。這種用法是假定男人可以作為人類的代表。幾乎毫無例外的是，詞person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 來取代，且后兩字意思更清楚。 相反，當(dāng)man 以單數(shù)不帶冠詞出現(xiàn)用以指人類時，它更是指一類、一屬， 如在象句子只有人才有語言能力 或象短語 人類對人類的不人道 中。 但man 若以這種形式出現(xiàn)，其意思也會模糊不清， 因為其可只指人類中的男性成員。在大多數(shù)的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 這樣的字也傳達了 man 這種用法的一般意義。 總的說來，在用法專題使用小組成員中接受man 這種一般用法的女性比男性明顯少得多。 下面這句話如果說古代人受信息不足之苦的話，那么現(xiàn)代人則是受信息過量之虐待了 在小組中有8的成員可接受 （其中女性成員中的接受率為58，男性中則為92)。專題小組會還接受作為一般意義的man 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。 長城是太空中的唯一可見的人造物 這句話有8'的成員接受 （其中女性成員的接受率為7'，而男性中為9)。.語言史就是一部人類史. （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里諾和喬治·萊曼·基特里奇）這句話的接受率為7'（基中在女性成員中有'3接受，而男性中為82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，這種復(fù)合詞仍然被接受。因此小組中的''（其中女性委員的57，男性的7)接受了manpower 這個詞在下句的用法： 那些不允許女人加入生產(chǎn)力大軍的國家和那些允許女人加入生產(chǎn)力大軍的國家相比，在處理剩余勞動力這一點上明顯處于競爭的劣勢 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相關(guān)問題產(chǎn)生了， 在構(gòu)成職業(yè)或社會角色類別的名稱，如商人、主席、發(fā)言人、外行 和 漁夫 ， 以及將這個字用于類似的構(gòu)詞法中，如違反運動精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人譴責(zé)這種類別的用法；然而，當(dāng)它們抽象地指某種角色或階層時，這些詞仍能得到用法專題使用小組大多數(shù)人的接受；但當(dāng)它們用由于指女性時，這些詞就被拒絕了。因此在句子主席由職工委員會指定 中 主席 的這種一般用法就得到了'7小組成員的接受（其中在女性成員中為52，而男性中為7')。 但是，在句子艾米莉·歐文，市長任務(wù)小組的主席，發(fā)表了一個聲明，向市長保證將考慮他們的觀點 中這個字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成員接受（其中在女性成員中的接受率為43，而男性中為50)。 對于如何替換用man 構(gòu)成的類別復(fù)合詞，幾種構(gòu)思被提了出來。 與之相對的復(fù)合詞如女商人、女發(fā)言人 和 女主席 越來越多地被用來指女性。 另外，用person 構(gòu)成的中性詞也創(chuàng)造了出來， 如商人、發(fā)言人 和 主席 。 對于用man 結(jié)尾的職業(yè)名稱， 美國政府勞工部和其它政府機構(gòu)已建立起了新的官方運用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在官方行文，現(xiàn)在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多數(shù)的小組成員反對將動詞man 用于指那些女性從事的活動。 句子登記處將配備女性選民聯(lián)盟的成員 在用法專題使用小組中的反對率是5'（其中在女性成員中的反對率是'，而男性中為54) 參見 -ess,people