動詞 penetrate:

1. pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance
   同義詞：penetrate, perforate
2. come to understand
   同義詞：penetrate, fathom, bottom
3. become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions
   同義詞：click, get through, dawn, come home, get across, sink in, penetrate, fall into place
4. enter a group or organization in order to spy on the members
   同義詞：infiltrate, penetrate
5. make one's way deeper into or through
   同義詞：penetrate
6. insert the penis into the vagina or anus of
   同義詞：penetrate
7. spread or diffuse through
   同義詞：permeate, pervade, penetrate, interpenetrate, diffuse, imbue, riddle

形容詞 penetrating:

1. having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
   同義詞：acute, discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrative, piercing, sharp
2. tending to penetrate; having the power of entering or piercing
   同義詞：penetrative

1. The penetrating odor of garlic soon filled the entire apartment.
   大蒜刺鼻的氣味很快就彌散了整個屋子

pen.e.trat.ing

adj.（形容詞）
Able or seeming to penetrate:
有穿透力的：能夠或似乎能穿透的：
例句：
The penetrating odor of garlic soon filled the entire apartment.
大蒜刺鼻的氣味很快就彌散了整個屋子

Keenly perceptive or understanding; acute:
有洞察力的或透徹了解的；敏銳的：
例句：
The lecture provided penetrating insight into foreign affairs.
這一演講以敏銳的眼光透徹入理地分析了國外事務

【引伸】
pen.etrat.ingly
adv.（副詞）