動詞 presume:

1. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof
   同義詞：assume, presume, take for granted
2. take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission
   同義詞：make bold, dare, presume
3. constitute reasonable evidence for
   同義詞：presume
4. take liberties or act with too much confidence
   同義詞：presume

1. The act of presuming or accepting as true.
   推測; 假定推測或認定某事是真實的行為
2. Aggressive; forward; presuming.
   敢作敢為的; 激進的; 自以為是的
3. Are you presuming to tell me how to drive my car?
   你竟膽敢來指點我怎么開汽車？
4. It will be presuming to camp in a person's yard without permission.
   不獲允許就在別人的院子里露營是一種放肆的行為。

pre.sum.ing

adj.（形容詞）
Having or showing excessive and arrogant self-confidence; presumptuous.
冒昧的，放肆的：擁有或顯示過分的或傲慢的自信的；自行其事的

【引伸】
presum.ingly
adv.（副詞）