principle, theorem, fundamental, law

名詞 principle:

1. a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct
   同義詞：rule
2. a rule or standard especially of good behavior
3. a basic truth or law or assumption
4. a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system
   同義詞：rule
5. rule of personal conduct
   同義詞：precept
6. (law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature)
   同義詞：rationale

1. They have agreed to the proposal in principle but we still have to negotiate the terms.
   他們基本上同意了那項提議，但我們?nèi)皂毶潭l件。
2. The system works on the principle that heat rises.
   該項裝置是按照熱力上升的原理運轉(zhuǎn)的。
3. We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.
   我們必須堅持人人都應(yīng)該被平等對待這一原則。

prin.ci.ple

n.Abbr. prin.（名詞）縮寫 prin.
A basic truth, law, or assumption:
原則，原理：基本的真理、法則或論斷：
例句：
the principles of democracy.
民主政治的原則

A rule or standard, especially of good behavior:
準(zhǔn)則，道義：規(guī)則或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尤指正確行為的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
例句：
a man of principle.
有節(jié)操的人

The collectivity of moral or ethical standards or judgments:
道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：道德或倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則的集合體：
例句：
a decision based on principle rather than expediency.
基于準(zhǔn)則而非權(quán)宜的決定

A fixed or predetermined policy or mode of action.
行為模式：固定的或約定的政策或行為方式
A basic or essential quality or element determining intrinsic nature or characteristic behavior:
本能，天性：決定內(nèi)在的本質(zhì)或典型行為的基本或主要性質(zhì)或因素：
例句：
the principle of self-preservation.
自我保護的天性

A rule or law concerning the functioning of natural phenomena or mechanical processes:
原理：關(guān)于自然現(xiàn)象或機械過程運行的規(guī)則或法則：
例句：
the principle of jet propulsion.
噴氣推進的原理

Chemistry One of the elements that compose a substance, especially one that gives some special quality or effect.
【化學(xué)】 素，成分：組成某一物質(zhì)的成分中的一種，尤指具有特殊性質(zhì)或效力的成分
A basic source.See Usage Note at principal
起源，本原參見 principal
Principle Christian Science God.
Principle 【基督教科學(xué)派】 上帝

<習(xí)慣用語>in principle
With regard to the basics:
基本上：與基本原則有關(guān)地：
例句：
an idea that is acceptable in principle.
大體可以接受的想法

on principle
According to or because of principle.
按原則地：根據(jù)或因為行為準(zhǔn)則
來源：
Middle English
中古英語
alteration of Old French principe
古法語 principe的變化
from Latin proncipium
源自 拉丁語 proncipium
from pronceps proncip- [leader, emperor] * see per
源自 pronceps proncip- [領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，國王] *參見 per

<注釋>Despite generations of spelling lessons,the wordsprinciple and principal are still commonly confused. Perhaps an understanding of their history will help in keeping them straight.Both words go back to the same Latin word,pronceps, meaning .first, as in time, position, or authority..The split that has caused all the trouble occurred in the next stage of development.Frompronceps were derived the noun proncipium, .start, origin, guiding principle,. the adjectiveproncip3lis, .first in importance or esteem,. and the noun proncip3lis, .a leading citizen.. Clearly the latter two words with the3 between the p and the l have given us the adjectiveprincipal (first recorded around 300) and the noun principal (also first recorded in a work composed around 300).Perhaps it should not be mentioned that one Middle English spelling for the noun wasprinciple. On the other hand,the Latin wordproncipium and its Old French descendant principe were involved in the creation of the word principle in Middle English, first recorded in a work written around 380.Words likemanciple and participle influenced the spelling of this new word, but again perhaps we should keep silent about the fact that we also find the word spelledprincipal and prinsipal in Middle English. A key point to remember about these seemingly aberrant Middle English spellings isthat in Middle English spelling was not nearly as fixed as it usually is today,a development that was much furthered by the invention of printing.When we interchange spellings forprinciple and principal, we are doing something that would have been less of a fault in the days before the conformity imposed on us by this marvelous invention.
盡管在拼寫課上反復(fù)強調(diào)，principle 和 principal 還是被人們搞混。 或許了解一下這兩個詞的歷史有助于我們弄清楚它們的拼寫。兩個詞都可追溯到同一個拉丁詞princeps， 意為.在時間，地位或權(quán)威上第一的.。引起所有麻煩的分裂出現(xiàn)在發(fā)展過程的下一個階段。從princeps 派生出了名詞 principium， 意為.開端，根源，指導(dǎo)性原則，. 形容詞principalis .最重要的或最受尊敬的.及名詞 principalis 意為.處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的公民.。 顯然，后兩個詞在p 和 l 之間帶有 3， 這就使我們有了形容詞principal （最早記錄于300年左右）和名詞 principal （最早記錄也是在大約300年左右創(chuàng)作的作品中）?；蛟S我們不應(yīng)提到這個名詞在中古英語中的一種拼法是principle 。 另一方面，拉丁詞principium 和其古法詞的派生詞 principe 共同作用創(chuàng)造了中古英語單詞 principle， 最早記錄于寫于約380年的一部作品。象manciple 和 participle 這樣的單詞都影響了這個新單詞的拼寫， 但是或許我們應(yīng)該再一次對于這個單詞也曾在中古英語中被拼寫成principal 和 prinsipal 這一事實保持沉默。 記住這些在中古英語中貌似反常的拼寫的關(guān)鍵在于，在中古英語中的拼寫方式幾乎不象今天這么固定，因為當(dāng)時還沒有發(fā)明印刷術(shù)。當(dāng)這項神奇的發(fā)明把拼寫一致的原則加到我們頭上之前，我們把principle 和 principal 的拼寫互相交換，也算不上什么大錯