voluntary, willing

名詞 voluntary:

1. (military) a person who freely enlists for service
   同義詞：volunteer, military volunteer
2. composition (often improvised) for a solo instrument (especially solo organ) and not a regular part of a religious service or musical performance

形容詞 voluntary:

1. of your own free will or design; not forced or compelled
2. controlled by individual volition

1. She's very taken up with voluntary work at the moment.
   她目前大部分時(shí)間和精力都用在志愿工作上了。
2. Although I'm retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim (of things).
   我雖已退休，但仍做些義務(wù)工作，以便了解當(dāng)前的情勢。
3. He made a voluntary statement to the police.
   他自愿為警方作供。
4. Many social services are still provided by voluntary societies in our city.
   在我們的城市，許多社會(huì)服務(wù)仍然是有志愿團(tuán)體提供的。

vol.un.tar.y

adj.（形容詞）
Arising from or acting on one`s own free will.
自愿的：由某人的自由意愿決定或依某人自由意愿行事的
Acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint or expectation of reward:
志愿的，義務(wù)的：自愿地而無強(qiáng)迫或期望回報(bào)而行動(dòng)、服務(wù)或做的：
例句：
a voluntary hostage; voluntary community work.
志愿人質(zhì)；義務(wù)社區(qū)工作

Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition:
自主的：正常決定于或控制于個(gè)人意志的：
例句：
Respiration is voluntary.
呼吸是自主的

Capable of making choices; having the faculty of will.
自決的：能做出選擇的；具有選擇能力的
Supported by contributions or charitable donations rather than by government appropriations:
自愿捐助的：由捐獻(xiàn)或慈善捐助而非政府撥款支持的：
例句：
voluntary hospitals.
自愿捐助醫(yī)院

Law
【法律】
Without legal obligation or consideration:
自愿的：沒有法律義務(wù)或顧慮的：
例句：
a voluntary conveyance of property.
自愿的財(cái)產(chǎn)讓與

Done deliberately; intentional:
故意做的；蓄意的：
例句：
voluntary manslaughter.
故意殺人犯

n.（名詞）
【復(fù)數(shù)】 vol.un.tar.ies
Music
【音樂】
A short piece of music, often improvised on a solo instrument, played as an introduction to a larger work.
即興曲：一段短音樂，常為樂器即興獨(dú)奏，作為大型作品的序曲
A piece for solo organ, often improvised, played before, during, or after a religious service.
即興演奏：在宗教儀式之前、之間或之后演奏的常常為即興的樂器獨(dú)奏樂
A volunteer.
志愿者

來源：
Middle English
中古英語
from Latin volunt3rius
源自 拉丁語 volunt3rius
from volunt3s [choice]
源自 volunt3s [選擇]
from velle vol- [to wish] * see wel-
源自 velle vol- [希望] *參見 wel-

【引伸】
vol.untar.ily
vol.untar.iness
n.（名詞）
<參考詞匯><同義詞>voluntary,intentional,deliberate,willful,willingThese adjectives mean being or resulting from one`s own free will.
這些形容詞的意思是作為或由某人自愿導(dǎo)致的。
Voluntary implies the operation of unforced choice:
Voluntary 指沒有強(qiáng)迫選擇的活動(dòng)：
例句：
.Ignorance, when it is voluntary, is criminal. (Samuel Johnson).
.當(dāng)自愿的時(shí)候愚昧就是犯罪. （塞繆爾·約翰遜）。

Intentional applies to something undertaken to further a plan or realize an aim:
Intentional 用于為了推行一個(gè)計(jì)劃或?qū)崿F(xiàn)一個(gè)目的而做的事情：
例句：
.In whatsoever houses I enter, I will enter to help the sick, and I will abstain from all intentional wrongdoing and harm. (Hippocratic Oath).
.在我進(jìn)入的每一所房子，我將幫助病人，并將戒絕所有人為的錯(cuò)誤和傷害. （希波克拉底誓約）。

Deliberate stresses premeditation and full awareness of the character and consequences of one`s acts:
Deliberate 強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)先考慮或?qū)τ谀橙诵袆?dòng)特征和后果的完全了解：
例句：
.In life courtesy and self-possession, and in the arts style, are the sensible impressions of the free mind,for both arise out of a deliberate shaping of all things. (William Butler Yeats).
.在生活中禮貌和鎮(zhèn)定，在藝術(shù)風(fēng)格上是自由思想的明智反映，因?yàn)槎呔鲇趯λ惺挛锏挠幸獾乃茉? （威廉·巴特勒·葉芝）。

Willful implies deliberate, headstrong persistence in a self-determined course of action:
Willful 指在自己決定的行動(dòng)過程中的故意的、頑固的堅(jiān)持：
例句：
a willful waste of time.
對時(shí)間任意的浪費(fèi)。

Willing suggests ready or cheerful acquiescence in the proposals or requirements of another:
Willing 指對于別人的建議或要求迅速并高興的同意：
例句：
.The first requisite of a good citizen . . . is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight. (Theodore Roosevelt).
.成為一個(gè)好公民的第一個(gè)要求…是他能夠并且樂意努力做好其份內(nèi)工作. （西奧多·羅斯福）