desire, wish, hope, expect, want, long

名詞 wish:

1. a specific feeling of desire
   同義詞：wishing, want
2. an expression of some desire or inclination
   同義詞：indirect request
3. (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare
   同義詞：regard, compliments
4. the particular preference that you have

動(dòng)詞 wish:

1. hope for; have a wish
2. prefer or wish to do something
   同義詞：care, like
3. have in mind
   同義詞：will
4. make or express a wish
5. feel or express a desire or hope concerning the future or fortune of
   同義詞：wish well
6. order politely; express a wish for
7. invoke upon
   同義詞：bid

1. I'll do it if that's what you wish.
   要是您要求這樣做，我一定照辦。
2. Do you wish when you see a shooting star?
   你看見(jiàn)流星時(shí)提出愿望嗎？
3. I don't think we can wish the children on your parents while we're away.
   我認(rèn)為咱們不在家時(shí)不能把孩子都硬塞給你父母看管。
4. I wish I knew his address.
   要是我知道他的地址就好了。
5. I wish you a good journey.
   祝你一路平安。
6. His wish to be an actor has come true.
   他想當(dāng)演員的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

wish

n.（名詞）
A desire, longing, or strong inclination for a specific thing.
希望，愿望：對(duì)某一特定物的欲望、向往或強(qiáng)烈傾向
An expression of a desire, longing, or strong inclination; a petition.
請(qǐng)?jiān)?，?qǐng)求：表達(dá)欲望、向往或強(qiáng)烈傾向；請(qǐng)?jiān)?/br>Something desired or longed for.
想要或渴望得到的東西
v.（動(dòng)詞）
wished,wish.ing,wish.es
v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
To long for; want.See Synonyms at desire
渴望：希望，想要參見(jiàn) desire
To entertain or express wishes for; bid:
祝愿：抱有或表達(dá)祝愿；祝：
例句：
He wished her good night.
他向她道晚安

To call or invoke upon:
愿，祈求：
例句：
I wish them luck.
我向他們祝愿幸運(yùn)

To order or entreat:
要求；請(qǐng)求：
例句：
I wish you to go.
我要你離開(kāi)

To impose or force; foist:
強(qiáng)加：強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)加；把…強(qiáng)加于：
例句：
They wished a hard job on her.
他們給她很艱難的任務(wù)

v.intr.（不及物動(dòng)詞）
To have or feel a desire:
盼望，企求：
例句：
wish for the moon.
向月亮許愿

To express a wish.
表達(dá)愿望，祝愿

來(lái)源：
Middle English wissh
中古英語(yǔ) wissh
from wisshen [to wish]
源自 wisshen [盼望]
from Old English wtscan * see wen-
源自 古英語(yǔ) wtscan *參見(jiàn) wen-

【引伸】
wish.er
n.（名詞）
Wish is widely used as a polite substitute for want with infinitives:
Wish 已廣泛地成為與不定式連用表示 want 的禮貌的代替語(yǔ)。
例句：
Do you wish to sit at a table on the terraceô
你想坐在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的桌旁嗎ô

例句：
Anyone who wishes to may leave now.
想走的現(xiàn)在可以走了。

This usage is consonant with formal style,where it is natural to treat the desires of others with exaggerated deference.The corresponding use ofwish with a noun-phrase object is less frequent, though it cannot be regarded as incorrect:
這種用法符合正式文體，因正式文體中對(duì)別人的愿望表示出夸大的尊重很自然。盡管不會(huì)認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤的，但wish 加上名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)不太常見(jiàn)：
例句：
Anyone who wishes an aisle seat should see an attendant.
任何想要走廊座位的人都要同服務(wù)員商量。

Both usages are likely to sound stilted in informal style, however. ôWhenwish precedes a subordinate clause containing a contrary-to-fact statement, strict grammatical correctness requires that one usewere rather than was : I wish I were (not was ) lighter on my feet. Many writers continue to insist on this rule,but precedent for using the indicativewas in such clauses can be found in the works of many writers, including King Alfred and Jonathan Swift. See Usage Note at if ,want
但這兩種用法在非正式文體中會(huì)顯得不自然。當(dāng)wish 后面接一個(gè)與事實(shí)相反的陳述句作從屬分句時(shí)， 按嚴(yán)格的語(yǔ)法來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)在從句中用were 代替 was ： I wish I were （不是 was ) lighter on my feet（多希望我能步履輕盈。） 許多作家仍堅(jiān)持這條規(guī)則，但在從句中用表陳述的was 可在許多作家包括金·阿爾弗雷德和約納森·斯威夫特的作品中找到先例 參見(jiàn) if,want